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A statue of John Harvard sits in Harvard Yard at Harvard University.Credit:AP

Charles Lieber,chairman of the department of chemistry and chemical biology,is accused of hiding his involvement in China's Thousand Talents Plan,a program designed to lure people with knowledge of foreign technology and intellectual property to China.

Lieber was arrested early on Tuesday at his office at the Ivy League university,officials said. He remained in federal custody after a brief court appearance on Tuesday,pending a detention hearing scheduled for Thursday. A message seeking comment was left with his attorney.

Authorities also announced charges against a researcher at Boston University,who is accused of lying about her ties to the Chinese military.

Yanqing Ye,who prosecutors say is a lieutenant in the People's Liberation Army,did work on behalf of the military while studying at the university,such as conducting research and sending documents and information to China,officials said.

There was no attorney listed in court documents for Ye,who is now in China.

US Attorney Andrew Lelling called the charges"a small sample of China's ongoing campaign to siphon off America's technology and know-how for its country's gain".

Boston FBI agent Joseph Bonavolonta said:"No country poses a greater,more severe or long-term threat to our national security and economic prosperity than China.

"China's communist government's goal,simply put,is to replace the US as the world superpower,and they are breaking the law to get there."

Under Lieber's Thousand Talents program contract,prosecutors say,he was paid $US50,000 ($74,000) a month by the Wuhan University of Technology in China and living expenses up to $US158,000. He was also awarded more than $US1.5 million to establish a research lab at the Chinese university,prosecutors said.

In exchange,prosecutors say,Lieber agreed to publish articles,organise international conferences and apply for patents on behalf of the Chinese university,among other things.

Lieber has been placed on administrative leave,Harvard officials said.

"The charges brought by the US government against Professor Lieber are extremely serious. Harvard is co-operating with federal authorities,including the National Institutes of Health,and is conducting its own review of the alleged misconduct,"the school said in a written statement.

Last month a medical student from China was charged in Boston with trying to smuggle vials of research specimens in a sock in his suitcase bound for China. Zaosong Zheng,who was in the US on a visa sponsored by Harvard,is accused of stealing the materials from a lab at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre.

Zheng was held without bail by a judge who ruled he was a flight risk. A message was left on Tuesday with Zheng's attorney.

"All of them were either directly or indirectly working for the Chinese government at our country's expense,"Bonavolonta said of Lieber and the others.

The cases underscore Justice Department concerns about Chinese programs that recruit scientists with access to cutting-edge technology in the US and encourage them to conduct research for Beijing's gain and even to steal the work of American academics.

In recent years,according to a Senate subcommittee report issued last fall,the programs have been exploited by scientists who have downloaded sensitive research files before returning to China,filed patents based on US research,lied on grant applications and failed to disclose money they had received from Chinese institutions.

The Associated Press,relying on hundreds of pages of documents obtained through public records requests,reported last year that the FBI had been reaching out to colleges and universities across the countries to warn them of the threat of economic espionage on their campuses.

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Associated Press reporter Eric Tucker in Washington contributed to this report.