“With a measure like that,in the short term there’s a win,but we have to be careful that it doesn’t cause us problems in the medium term by disrupting the supply chains for vaccines and everything that’s needed in terms of precursors,” Spahn said.

A spokesman for the British Prime Minister said “we are all dependent on global supply chains and putting in place restrictions endangers global efforts to fight the virus”.

Health Minister Greg Hunt told reporters that the government had asked the European Commission to review the decision but officials in Brussels on Friday could not confirm whether the request had been received or if would be considered.

The export controls – which have been widely criticised as a dangerous example of “vaccine nationalism” – were hurriedly drawn up in January after AstraZeneca and Pfizer warned supply to Europe over coming months would be slashed because of production delays.

Mr Tehan said the WTO would be “looking to work with us to prevent such actions taking place” as Ms Okonjo-Iweala “agrees with Australia that this is not a constructive way for countries to work together to role the vaccine out”.

“It’s incredibly important that we work together,particularly for developing countries,to make sure there is fair and equitable distribution across the globe of the vaccine.”

However Labor’s health spokesman Mark Butler said the Australian government should “urgently explain what it is doing to ensure supplies of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine reach Australia”.

European Commission chief spokesman Eric Mamer said Europe was not engaged in vaccine nationalism because the bloc had approved hundreds of exports to dozens of countries.

“Let’s not try to shift the situation here. The fact is the European Union is a major exporter of vaccine doses,” he said.

Some reports in Italian media on Friday suggested AstraZeneca may have originally wanted to ship about 500,000 doses to Australia but was worried the volume was so big that it might be rejected by Italy. The reports said the company then cut the volume to 250,700 doses but that was still rejected.

AstraZeneca has been contacted for comment.

Italy first opposed the shipment last week and the European Commission supported Rome’s position earlier this week. AstraZeneca and the Australian government were notified on Wednesday.

Italy,where new Prime Minister Mario Draghi isunder political pressure to speed up the country’s rollout,said it decided to deny the vaccine shipment because Australia was not vulnerable to COVID-19 and AstraZeneca was not supplying enough doses to Europe.

Italy has so far received 1.5 million doses of the AstraZeenca jab but handed out just 322,000 doses.

Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio on Friday threatened to keep rejecting export applications unless AstraZeneca met its contracts with Europe.

“As long as these delays remain,it is right for the countries of the European Union to block exports toward nations that are ‘not vulnerable’ as a response to the failure of companies to respect commitments,” he said.

French Health Minister Olivier Véran said his government could follow Italy’s approach:“I understand[the Italian position]. We could do the same thing,” Véran told BFM TV.

France has been given 1.1 million AstraZeneca doses but administered only 275,000.

Almost 4 million doses of AstraZeneca will arrive in Australia from overseas,primarily Europe,but 50 million will be manufactured by CSL in Melbourne.