“The counsellor seemed to think his job was pretty hard,too. He sounded exhausted,” she said.

Public anxiety about the vaccines emerged early. One survey in February,co-authored by the head of China’s Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,found that less than half of medical workers in the eastern province of Zhejiang were willing to be vaccinated,many citing fear of side effects. By mid-March,China had administered only about 65 million doses for a population of 1.4 billion.

Even with the recent surge in vaccinations,China still lags far behind dozens of other countries. Though China has approved five homegrown vaccines,it has administered 10 shots for every 100 residents.Britain has administered 56 for every 100;the United States,50.

Prominent doctors have warned that China’s sluggish pace threatens to undermine the country’s successful containment measures.

“China is at a very critical moment,” Zhong Nanshan,a top respiratory disease expert,said in a recent interview with the Chinese news media. “When other countries have been very well vaccinated,and China still lacks immunity,then that will be very dangerous.”

The warnings have been accompanied by a sweeping propaganda campaign and copious consumerist bait.

On Monday,the Wangfujing shopping district in Beijing was teeming with bargains for the vaccinated. A Lego store offered a free kit to assemble a chick emerging from an egg. A street stall touted a 10 per cent discount on tea. A state-run photo studio even advertised a discount on wedding photos.

The promotion seemed to be working at one vaccination centre,where people lined up for two-for-one soft serve at a bright yellow McDonald’s ice cream truck parked outside.

Wang Xuan,an employee inside the truck,described how the advertisement caught the attention of one passerby.

“He went straight inside to get the vaccine and then came out to us to buy ice cream,” Wang said.

Other localities have opted for more stick than carrot (or ice cream).

In Chongqing,a company notice ordered workers between 18 and 59 without underlying health conditions to be vaccinated by the end of April,or be “held accountable”,though it did not elaborate. A government bulletin in the city of Haikou,in Hainan,said companies with less than 85 per cent vaccination rates would be issued a warning and could be suspended for “rectification”.

The city of Ruili,in south-western China,last week became the first to adopt mandatory vaccination for eligible residents,after a small outbreak there. An official said the city expected to vaccinate the entire population of more than 200,000 people in five days by running vaccination sites 24 hours a day.

Some social media users have complained that the pressure campaigns restrict their right of choice. But Tao Lina,a vaccination expert and former immunologist at the Shanghai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,said it was justifiable to impose somewhat punitive measures in the name of public health.

“At this time,overly emphasising freedom of choice is not a good idea,” Tao said. “Look at America:They wanted to choose not to wear face masks. That seems like a kind of freedom,but then what happened?”

Governments and companies in other countries have also adopted what some see as coercive measures. The Italian prime minister recently issued a decree requiring vaccinations for health care workers. A waitress in New York City was fired for refusing vaccination. Many countries are considering issuing vaccine passports for entry into public facilities.

Still,even China’s state-owned media has acknowledged that some local officials have been overzealous in their enforcement.

Xinhua,the state news agency,published an opinion piece last week denouncing “one-size-fits-all,simple and crude methods” that it said could engender even more public opposition.

“These harmful developments are in reality the product of

a small number of regions and companies that are anxious to complete their vaccination responsibilities,” it said. (The Wancheng government later apologised for its warning about children’s futures.)

It’s unclear how many of the promised restrictions are being enforced. Wu Kunzhou,a community worker in Haikou,the city where businesses were threatened with suspension,said he had marked a few businesses with red posters.

“Company that does not meet vaccination standards,” the posters said.

But there were no accompanying fines,and he said he could not force anyone to get vaccinated.

“The main thing is,there are orders from above,” Wu said.

The New York Times