Violence in eastern Ukraine has spiked in recent days as Ukraine and the two regions held by the rebels each accused the other of escalation. Russia on Saturday said at least two shells fired from a government-held part of eastern Ukraine landed across the border,but Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba dismissed that claim as “a fake statement”.

Sporadic violence has broken out for years along the line separating Ukrainian forces from the Russia-backed rebels,but the recent shelling and bombing spike could set off a full-scale war.

The two Russian-backed,self-proclaimed republics in Ukraine’s Donetsk and Luhansk regions were hit by more than 1400 explosions on Friday,and almost 2000 ceasefire violations were registered in the area by the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe said monitors on Saturday,a diplomatic source told Reuters.

The United States and many European countries have alleged for months that Russia,which has moved about 150,000 troops near the Ukrainian border,is trying to create pretexts to invade.

“They are uncoiling and are now poised to strike,” US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin said on Saturday during a visit to Lithuania.

Harris opened her meeting with Zelensky by saying the world was at “a decisive moment in history”.

Earlier,Denis Pushilin,the head of the pro-Russia separatist government in Ukraine’s Donetsk region,cited an “immediate threat of aggression” from Ukrainian forces in his announcement. Ukrainian officials vehemently denied having plans to take rebel-controlled areas by force.

“I appeal to all the men in the republic who can hold weapons to defend their families,their children,wives,mothers,” Pushilin said. “Together we will achieve the coveted victory that we all need.”

A similar statement followed from his counterpart in the Luhansk region. On Friday,the rebels began evacuating civilians to Russia with an announcement that appeared to be part of their and Moscow’s efforts to paint Ukraine as the aggressor.

German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said the evacuation orders could be a tactic to provide the spark for a broader attack.

“To say it very clearly,Ukraine did not give any grounds for the evacuation that was ordered yesterday,” she said. “Those are the facts on the ground. We must not allow supposed reasons for war to be constructed out of hot air.”

US President Joe Biden said the previous day that based on the latest American intelligence,he was now “convinced” that Russian President Vladimir Putin hasmade the decision to invade neighbouring Ukraine and assault the capital.

“As of this moment,I’m convinced he’s made the decision,” Biden said. “We have reason to believe that.” He reiterated that the assault could occur in the “coming days.”

Biden was briefed on Harris’ meetings in Munich and has been getting regular updates on the Ukraine situation,White House press secretary Jen Psaki said in a statement on Saturday. Biden will discuss Ukraine during a meeting with his National Security Council on Sunday,she said.

Meanwhile,Russia conducted massive nuclear drills on Saturday. The Kremlin said Putin,who pledged to protect Russia’s national interests against what it sees as encroaching Western threats,was watching the drills together with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko from the situation room.

Notably,the planned exercise involves the Crimea-based Black Sea Fleet. Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula after seizing it from Ukraine in 2014.

Underscoring the West’s concerns of an imminent invasion,a US defence official said an estimated 40 to 50 per cent of the ground forces deployed in the vicinity of the Ukrainian border have moved into attack positions closer to the border.

The shift has been under way for about a week,other officials have said,and does not necessarily mean Putin has decided to begin an invasion. The defence official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss internal US military assessments.

The official also said the number of Russian ground units known as battalion tactical groups in the border area had grown to as many as 125,up from 83 two weeks ago. Each group has 750 to 1000 soldiers.

Lines of communication between Moscow and the West remain open:the American and Russian defence chiefs spoke on Friday. French President Emmanuel Macron scheduled a phone call with Putin on Sunday. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov agreed to meet next week.

Immediate worries focused on eastern Ukraine,where Ukrainian forces have been fighting the pro-Russia rebels since 2014 in a conflict that has killed some 14,000 people. Violations of a 2015 ceasefire agreement,including shelling and shooting along the line of contact,have been common.

A car bomb exploded in the centre of the rebel-controlled city of Donetsk on Friday. Adding to the tensions,two explosions shook the rebel-controlled city of Luhansk early on Saturday. No injuries were reported in the incidents.

Ukraine’s military said two of its soldiers died in firing from the rebel side on Saturday.

By Saturday morning,the separatists in the Luhansk and Donetsk regions,which form Ukraine’s industrial heartland known as the Donbas,said that thousands of residents of the rebel-controlled areas had been evacuated to Russia.

Russia has issued about 700,000 passports to residents of the rebel-held territories. Claims that Russian citizens are being endangered might be used as justification for military action.

Pushilin,the head of the Donetsk rebel government,alleged in a video statement that Ukraine was going to order an imminent offensive in the area.

Metadata from two videos posted by the separatists announcing the evacuation show that the files were created two days ago,the AP confirmed. US authorities have alleged that the Kremlin’s effort to come up with an invasion pretext could include staged,prerecorded videos.

Authorities in Russia’s Rostov region,which borders eastern Ukraine,declared a state of emergency because of the influx of evacuees. Media reports on Saturday described chaos at some of the camps assigned to accommodate the people from eastern Ukraine. The reports said there were long lines of buses and hundreds of people waiting in the cold for hours on end to be housed without access to food or bathroom facilities.

Putin ordered the Russian government to offer 10,000 rubles (about $180) to each evacuee,an amount equivalent to about half of an average monthly salary in eastern Ukraine.

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson,also speaking at the Munich conference,said that if Western nations failed to live up to their promises to support Ukraine’s independence,that would have damaging consequences worldwide,including for Taiwan.

“Every time that Western ministers have visited Kyiv,we have assured the people of Ukraine and their leaders that we stand four-square behind their sovereignty and independence,” Johnson told the security conference.

“If Ukraine is endangered,the shock will echo around the world. And those echoes will be heard in east Asia,will be heard in Taiwan.

“People would draw the conclusion that aggression pays and that might is right.”

AP

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