The institute provides a case study of what it could mean for a couple with household income of $160,000 with two young children.

Under the new arrangements,the parents would pay $46 a day for both children from the middle of next year;assuming they pay the average day care cost of $110 per child.

They were paying $99 a day for both children last year,and have been paying $66 a day since March 7 – after the subsidy for the younger child was increased.

There is much evidence that the cost of childcare is the biggest factor in the lower participation rate of women in the workforce.

The institute estimates that Labor’s policy would result in about eight per cent more hours being worked by secondary household earners with young children.

Important as affordable childcare is,there are other non-economic factors that prevent women from working. One is the need for better sharing of unpaid work at home.

However,studies show a slow but positive shift taking place in the sharing of unpaid work between men and women,particularly among younger couples,but women still do significantly more hours of domestic chores than men.

Other factors preventing women from taking the amount of paid work they would like includes their tendency – particularly older women – to undertake the majority of the caring for elderly and ill relatives.

KPMG’s Hunter says to lock in further gains,the government would need to support flexible working across all sectors,and improve the quality of childcare before and after school.

It can also do more on superannuation reform,to enable women to close the gender gap with men,she says.

Increasing subsidies for childcare is just part of Labor’s strategy for gender equality. It will also introduce gender impact assessments on relevant cabinet submissions.

The new government also plans to legislate 10 days of paid family and domestic violence leave,and provide funding for 500 new community sector workers and $100 million to increase the supply of crisis accommodation.